Cyclone Harold and the role of traditional knowledge in fostering resilience in Vanuatu

This article examines the role of traditional knowledge, skills, and values in fostering resilience in Vanuatu, the world's most at-risk country from natural hazards. We study responses to severe Tropical Cyclone (TC) Harold, which devastated the nation's northern islands in April 2020 just as a state of emergency had been declared in response to COVID-19. This necessitated severe restrictions on the delivery of relief supplies and a ban on the arrival of overseas humanitarian workers, forcing remote communities to adopt local responses to the emergency and cope with food insecurity through traditional resilience strategies and values that promote resource-sharing and cooperation. We use a mixed methods approach to analyse the content, extent, and transmission of traditional knowledge in Vanuatu and link this to evidence of its usefulness during TC Harold. Quantitative data from field surveys with two groups of respondents are combined with reports on responses to TC Harold both nationally and along the remote western coast of Santo Island. We also review the extent of traditional knowledge in current educational curricula in Vanuatu. Results illustrate how traditional ecological knowledge and social capital played a key role in disaster response and recovery, but such knowledge is mainly held by older people, and its use by younger generations is declining. We conclude that with rising global temperatures predicted to generate more extreme weather events, and external funds for disaster relief likely to decline, there is a need to build greater adaptive capacity at the local level through the revival of centuries-old informal transmission pathways of knowledge and values. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Parenting and child mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online study with Portuguese and British Families

COVID-19 and the subsequent public health response created many additional stresses for families. We examined parental behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in two European Countries and explored the association between parents' behaviour and children's anxiety and quality of life. Caregivers of children and adolescents (N = 442;86.7% mothers) between 6 and 16 years old (M = 10, SD = 2.85) participated in an online cross-sectional survey in Portugal and the United Kingdom. Results show that higher children's anxiety and lower quality of life were associated with higher levels of unrealistic parental demands, lower parental self-care, and higher parental emotional dysregulation. Encouragement of children's emotion expression and management of exposure to COVID-19 information was negatively associated with children's anxiety. Promotion of routines, support of children's emotion modulation and promotion of children's healthy lifestyles were positively associated with children's quality of life. The predictors differed according to country and age group. These results highlight the importance of specific parenting behaviours on children's mental health during COVID-19. The need to moderate unrealistic demands and attend to parental self-care to reduce parental emotional dysregulation is important. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (Spanish) COVID-19 y la subsiguiente respuesta de salud publica crearon muchas tensiones adicionales para las familias. Examinamos el comportamiento de los padres durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en dos paises europeos y exploramos la asociacion entre el comportamiento de los padres y la ansiedad y la calidad de vida del nino. Cuidadores de ninos y adolescentes (N = 442;86.7% madres) entre 6 y 16 anos (M = 10, DT = 2,85) participaran en una online encuesta en Portugal y en el Reino Unido. En los resultados se observa que la mayor ansiedad y una menor calidad de vida de los ninos se asociaron con niveles mas altos de demandas parentales poco realistas, menor autocuidado y mayor desregulacion emocional de los padres. El estimulo a la expresion de las emociones de los ninos y el manejo de la exposicion a la informacion de COVID-19 se asocio negativamente con la ansiedad de los ninos. La promocion de rutinas, el apoyo a la modulacion de las emociones de los ninos y la promocion de estilos de vida saludables de los ninos se asociaron positivamente con la calidad de vida de los ninos. Los predictores difirieron segun el pais y el grupo de edad. Estos resultados resaltan la importancia de comportamientos parentales especificos en la salud mental de los ninos durante el COVID-19. La necesidad de moderar las demandas poco realistas y prestar atencion al autocuidado de los padres para reducir la desregulacion emocional de los padres es importante. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

How parental support affects Latina girls during the COVID-19 pandemic: Empathic accuracy and posttraumatic growth effects on empathy and altruistic sharing

The current study focuses on a sample of low- to middle-income school-age Latina girls and their parents and examines how children's distress proneness interacts with parental empathic accuracy and posttraumatic growth in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic to predict children's empathy and prosocial behavior toward unknown others. Approximately 2-3 months into state-mandated stay-at-home orders, 55 parent-daughter dyads were recruited to participate in this four-session longitudinal study. To assess distress proneness, daughters (ages 8-13 years, 100% Latina) identified their degree of distress in response to pandemic-related stressors. Concurrently, their parents reported how they thought their children would respond to these same pandemic-related stressors, which assessed parental empathic accuracy. Parents also completed an adapted version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, which assessed perceived positive outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic. Upon study completion, a behavioral measure of children's empathic and prosocial behaviors was collected. Parental empathic accuracy interacted with children's distress proneness to positively predict children's affective empathy, such that children's distress proneness predicted affective empathy at high and mean, but not low, levels of parental empathic accuracy. In a separate analysis, parental posttraumatic growth interacted with children's distress proneness to positively predict children's altruistic sharing behavior, such that children's distress proneness predicted altruistic sharing behavior only at high, but not mean or low, levels of parental posttraumatic growth. The results of this study highlight how positive parental socialization and understanding of children's tendencies toward distress are associated with children's empathic and prosocial behaviors, particularly during major global crises. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Home broadband and student engagement during COVID-19 emergency remote teaching

During the academic year 2019-2020, school buildings worldwide closed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitating a rapid shift to distance education. This study assessed the influence of high-speed broadband availability on student engagement with distance learning during this period in Ireland. Employing data from a representative sample of 206 secondary schools, student engagement as perceived by school principals was estimated to have been more adversely affected among schools located in areas with lower coverage of high-speed broadband. This may be partly explained by a lower probability of poorer student engagement among schools that deployed live online video teaching. While the costs and benefits must be considered, these findings may support the case for government intervention to provide greater equity in access to high-speed broadband. Where distance learning is required in future, secondary teachers should be supported in the use of live online teaching to better foster student engagement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Exploring middle school students' attitudes and satisfaction about home-based online education during the COVID-19 epidemic and the influential variables

Background: Students' attitudes and satisfaction are important predictors of educational quality, especially under such special situation as large scale home-based online education during the COVID-19 epidemic. Objectives: This study investigated middle school students' attitudes and satisfaction about home-based online education during COVID-19 epidemic and potential influential variables. Methods: Survey data were collected from 788 middle school students in two typical Chinese public schools. Multinomial logistic regression analysis and ordinal logistic regression analysis were used to identify influential variables. Findings: We found that more than half of surveyed students felt that home-based online learning was either the same as (35.9%) or better than (18%) traditional face-to-face learning, while 46.1% felt that it was worse than traditional face-to-face learning. More than six tenth of surveyed students felt satisfied or very satisfied with their home-based online education, while less than one third kept neutral attitudes and very few felt unsatisfied or very unsatisfied. Importantly, the study found some influential variables impacting students' attitudes and satisfaction about home-based online education and they included individual variables (gender, time spent in doing homework, level of learning engagement), organizational variables (school type), and relational variables (time spent on communication and relationship with family members). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on children with neurodevelopmental disorder

Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on children with neurodevelopmental disorders through Tele-Medicine system. Method: Children aged between 7-18 years old with neurodevelopmental disorders were evaluated. On the routine control visit day, they and their parents were called by phone via the Tele-Medicine system and a questionnaire prepared by the researchers was applied to evaluate the compliance process to the pandemic. The disease severity of the cases was evaluated by the Clinical Global Impression Scale. Results: In our study, 17.6% of the cases were girls and 82.4% were boys. The average age is 11.66 +/- 3.46 years. In this study 51% of the cases were diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder;47.1% with Intellectual Disability and 17.6% with Special Learning Disorder. The comorbidity of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder was found to be 49%. Increased anxiety is reported by 25.5% of the cases, appetite and nutritional problems by %37.3 and sleep pattern changes by 62.7%. Pre-pandemic score of Clinical Global Impression Scale was evaluated as 3.82 +/- 0.81, and the score during the pandemic as 4.09+/-0.87. Discussion: It was found that, in the early period of the Covid-19 pandemic, the most common problems of the cases with neurodevelopmental disorder were the sleep pattern changes, appetite and nutritional problems and increased anxiety. It is thought that our findings will guide psychosocial support interventions for children and adolescents with developmental problems during the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Turkish) Amac: COVID19 pandemisinin, norogelisimsel bozuklugu olan cocuklar uzerine olan etkisinin Tele-Tip uygulamasi ile degerlendirilmesi amaclanmistir. Yontem: Calismada, norogelisimsel bozukluk tanisi olan 7-18 yas araligindaki cocuk ve gencler degerlendirilmistir. Randevu tarihlerinde Tele-Tip Sistemi kapsaminda telefonla aranip kendileri ve ebeveynleriyle gorusulmus, pandemiye uyum surecini degerlendirmek amaciyla arastirmacilarin hazirladigi anket uygulanmistir. Pandemi oncesi ve sonrasi hastalik siddeti Klinik Global Izlenim Olcegi ile degerlendirilmistir. Bulgular: Degerlendirilen 51 olgunun %17.6'si kiz, %82.4'u erkektir. Yas ortalamasi 11.66 +/- 3.46 yildir. Calismaya alinan olgularin %51'i Otizm Spektrum Bozuklugu;%47.1'i Zihinsel Yetersizlik;%17.6'si Ozel Ogrenme Bozuklugu tanisi ile izlenmektedir. Dikkat Eksikligi ve Hiperaktivite Bozuklugu komorbiditesi %49 olarak saptanmistir. Olgularin %25.5'i kaygi artisi, %37.3'u istah ve beslenme duzeni degisikligi, %62.7'si uyku degisikligi bildirmistir. Olgularin pandemi oncesi Klinik Global Izlenim Olcegi puani 3.82+/-0.81, pandemi surecindeki puani 4.09+/-0.87 olarak degerlendirilmistir. Sonuc: Covid-19 pandemisinin erken doneminde, norogelisimsel bozukluk tanisi ile izlemde olan cocuk ve genclerin en sik uyku duzeni degisiklikleri, istah ve beslenme sorunlari ve kaygi artisi saptanmistir. Bulgularimizin pandemi surecinde gelisimsel sorunlari olan cocuk ve genclere yonelik gelistirilecek psikososyal destek mudahalelerine yol gosterici olacagi dusunulmustur. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

COVID-19 as a crucible: The transformation of global educators

This article examines how the crisis of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) became a crucible, or a means of transformation, for global educators. How teachers leverage their lived experience of teaching through the implications of COVID-19 to transform identity and practice is a new phenomenon and merits examination. Through a collection of interviews, the ways in which the life experiences of teaching through COVID-19 worked to create new identities in teachers and new practices within the classroom is examined. Data was gathered through informal interviews from eleven educators teaching through the crisis of COVID-19 across the world, including four continents and six countries. Drawing on simple thematic analysis, a narrative approach was utilized to examine the process of transformation in teachers across the globe. The findings and analysis of this research will help those working with teachers better understand how teachers leverage a crisis be it COVID-19, or another disruptive force, as a crucible for transformation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Experiences of gifted students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey

COVID-19 began to spread all over the world in the Spring of 2020. All schools, including the institutions serving students with special needs, were closed to decrease the spread of the virus. The schools had to shift to online education, which was a new experience for most students. In addition to the negative effects of the pandemic itself, the new learning format required extra effort from students. Gifted and talented students as a special group with special educational and socio-emotional needs may have experienced the pandemic differently. In the present study, we aimed to explore gifted and talented students' subjective well-being, feelings of hope, and stress coping strategies with a quantitative method. In addition, we used a qualitative method and asked a few open-ended questions to dig deeper into these students' experiences during the pandemic. We found a statistically significant correlation among subjective well-being, hope, and stress coping strategies. Effective stress coping strategies are used more frequently than negative ones. We revealed that although there are some positive sides to the process, the students described some difficulties with social interaction, access and use of technology, motivation, and physical health. Based on the findings, we suggested some important implications and recommendations for parents, educators, and policymakers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Applying the framework method to qualitative psychological research: Methodological overview and worked example

This article is presented in two parts. First, an overview of the Framework Method is given, a contemporary method of qualitative analysis for psychological research. The method's background, distinguishing features, seven steps of data analysis, and suitability to psychological research are discussed. Second, to demonstrate how the method can be applied to a psychological study, a worked example of the analytical steps is detailed. This article aims to (a) demonstrate the utility and appropriateness of the Framework Method for qualitative research in the psychological sciences and (b) support researchers who might consider using this method by providing a worked example to illustrate how this method can be utilized in psychological research. The Framework Method has been widely used in social and public policy-based research, and more recently, health research, but rarely in psychology. It differs from other qualitative approaches due to its emphasis on matrix-based data summary and display, which supports the systematic generation of themes. The Framework Method will be applied to data collected from participants in Australia. The study described in the worked example explored the impact of COVID-19 on parent-adolescent relationships. Across seven steps, the authors explain how data were analyzed, which are followed by a reflective discussion on the use of the method, including strengths and limitations. This article will provide a methodological overview and worked example of the Framework Method for the psychological sciences. It will support psychological researchers to better understand and consider adopting this method in their qualitative research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Justice-centered education amid the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new saliency to educational efforts to ensure every person is able to make effective personal decisions and participate in civic affairs. However, social and political systems often constrain individual opportunities to enact personal decision-making. These sociopolitical contexts necessitate an increased emphasis on justice-centered education that equips students to recognize and respond to inequities in local and global contexts. In this article, we present three case studies of areas relevant to K-12 education to which the pandemic has drawn critical attention: how scientific knowledge changes, how decisions are made about science-based issues, and how the impacts of such decisions cascade in the environment. Collectively, these cases highlight the importance of justice-centered pedagogies for learning about complex socioscientific issues such as the COVID-19 pandemic and how transboundary justice-centered education could support the meaningful convergence of environmental education, science education, and social studies education. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Facing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis under lockdown: The experiences of minors

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of social isolation of minors with a parent or grandparent suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to determine whether the psychological support offered by an Italian no-profit association helped them to manage stress. Methodology: This study followed a qualitative research design. The participants responded to in-depth interviews that were processed with inductive thematic analysis. Findings: Five themes emerged: feedback on the psychological intervention;learning and changes after the intervention;discourses on illness and death in the family;experiences and difficulties during the lockdown and suggestions for other peers who might face the same situation. Social Implications: Psychological support is necessary for these minors, and it helped them to manage both the stress of living with ALS and the limitations of social relationships during the pandemic. It showed the importance of authentic and honest communication about illness and death that allowed minors to manage anxiety and fear. Positive reinterpretation of these experiences by transforming them into opportunities was also revealed. Originality: Studies on families with ALS patients are numerous, but studies on children of these patients are still rare, and no study has investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these children. This research investigated a topic that has not been covered previously and it also provided the opportunity to know how these children, preadolescents and adolescents living in an already complex environment, have experienced lockdown and restrictions. The study also enriched the literature on this important issue. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

COVID-19 stress and the health of Black Americans in the rural south

Black Americans have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. To better understand changes in and predictors of their mental and physical health, in the current study, we used three waves of data (two prepandemic and a third during summer 2020) from 329 Black men and women in the rural South. Results indicated that health worsened after the onset of the pandemic, including increased depressive symptoms and sleep problems and decreased self-reported general health. Greater exposure to COVID-19-related stressors was significantly associated with poorer health. Prepandemic stressors (financial strain, racial discrimination, chronic stress) and prepandemic resources (marital quality, general support from family and friends) were significantly associated with exposure to COVID-19-related stressors and with health during the pandemic. Findings underscore how the pandemic posed the greatest threats to Black Americans with more prepandemic psychosocial risks and highlight the need for multifaceted interventions that address current and historical stressors among this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The design and implementation of a video-facilitated transdisciplinary STEM curriculum in the context of COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought disruptions and constraints to K-12 STEM education, such as the shortened classroom time and the restrictions on classroom interactions. More empirical evidence is needed to inform educators and practitioners which strategies work and which do not in the pandemic context. In response to the call for more empirical evidence and the need for cultivating responsible and competent 21st century citizens, we designed and implemented a transdisciplinary STEM curriculum during the COVID-19 outbreak. In order to facilitate the smooth delivery of the learning contents and authentically engage learners in the learning process, multi-model video approaches were employed considering the characteristics of three disciplines, STEM, social service, and writing, as well as learner diversity. Pre- and post-test results indicated that students' transdisciplinary STEM knowledge improved significantly after completing the curriculum. The integration of STEM, social service, and writing disciplines promoted the growth of students' empathy, interest, and self-efficacy. Consistent with the quantitative results, students responded in the interview that their STEM knowledge and empathy were both enhanced. Some implementation strategies introduced in the current study are also applicable when the standard teaching order is restored in the post-COVID-19 era. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Well-being of children and adolescents: Psychosocial correlates of happiness and life satisfaction

Objectives: The study comprehensively analyzes selected demographic, personality and contextual factors and their role in relation to the subjective evaluation of feelings of happiness and satisfaction in 1,975 children/adolescents aged 10-18. Methods: The research sample was compiled in primary and secondary schools, facilities for protective and institutional education, diagnostic institutes as well as children's homes and asylum shelters in the Czech Republic. Happiness and overall life satisfaction were assessed using the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS;Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) along with the Student's Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS;Huebner, 1991). Data collection was carried out by the completion of online questionnaires in 2020 before the onset of the covid-19 pandemic. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis showed that happiness and satisfaction tended to decline in middle and late adolescence. Lower levels of happiness and satisfaction were also found among those who had experienced growing up at home in a single-parent family or in an institutional setting, who considered the environment in which they grew up to be dangerous and dull, who did not feel accepted by the caregiver and who self-evaluated as "choleric" and "melancholy." Conclusions: The respondents' subjective evaluation of their own temperament along with the feeling of acceptance by the caring person contributed most to the prediction of happiness and satisfaction. Very weak effects were found with respect to gender and spirituality. The adaptation and psychometric analysis of the SHS and SLSS carried out in this study showed that the Czech versions of both instruments can be considered valid and reliable to identify happiness and satisfaction in a given population of adolescents. Study limitations: The limitations relate to the cross-sectional design of the research as well as the fact that the sample was not representative. The psychosocial data, i.e. assessments of temperament, spirituality and the feeling of acceptance by the caregiver, were obtained from the young people's subjective statements through single-item scales. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Czech) Cil: Studie komplexne analyzuje vybrane demograficke, osobnostni a kontextualni faktory a jejich roli ve vztahu k subjektivnimu hodnoceni pocitu stesti a spokojenosti u 1975 deti/dospivajicich ve veku 10-18 let. Metody: Vyzkumny vzorek byl sestaven prostrednictvim osloveni zakladnich a strednich skol, zarizeni pro vykon ochranne a ustavni vychovy, diagnostickych ustavu, detskych a azylovych domovu v Cesku. Mira stesti a celkova zivotni spokojenost byla zjistovana pomoci Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS;Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) a Student's Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS;Huebner, 1991). Sber dat byl uskutecnen vyplnenim on-line dotazniku v roce 2020 pred vypuknutim pandemie covid-19. Vysledky: Mnohonasobnou linearni regresni analyzou bylo zjisteno, ze mira stesti a spokojenosti ma tendenci klesat v obdobi stredni a pozdni adolescence. Nizsi mira stesti a spokojenosti byla zjistena take u tech, kteri prozivali dospivani doma v neuplne rodine, v institucionalnim zarizeni, povazovali prostredi, v nemz vyrustali, za nebezpecne a nepodnetne, nepocitovali prijeti ze strany pecujici osoby a sami sebe povazovali za choleriky" a melancholiky". Zavery. K predikci stesti a spokojenosti nejvice prispivalo subjektivni hodnoceni vlastniho temperamentu a pocitu prijeti pecujici osobou. Velmi slabe efekty byly nalezene s ohledem na pohlavi a spiritualitu. V teto studii realizovana adaptace a psychometricka analyza SHS a SLSS poukazala, ze obe ceske verze nastroju lze povazovat za validni a spolehlive k identifikaci stesti a spokojenosti u dane populace dospivajicich. Limity studie: Omezeni se vztahuji k prurezovemu charakteru vyzkumu a ke skutecnosti, ze vzorek nebyl reprezentativni. Psychosocialni data, jako hodnoceni pocitu prijeti pecujici osobou, temperament ci spiritualita, byla ziskana ze subjektivnich vypovedi dospivajicich prostrednictvim jednopolozkovych skal. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Intimate partner violence in the United Kingdom

This chapter outlines some approaches to intimate partner violence across the four nations of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Although the legal infrastructures vary somewhat across the United Kingdom, as practitioners, we all face similar challenges and opportunities. Although our specialist IPV services remain somewhat patchy, our greatest resource is in the enhanced awareness of IPV and family violence among legal, social care, and health practitioners. In particular the recognition of unprocessed trauma and arousal dysregulation in some family relationships and in some episodes of IPV has created an opportunity for more creative responses and practices across legal and health and social care systems. Our challenges lie in developing our confidence with online working during and post the COVID pandemic, understanding cultural differences within our multicultural communities, and developing services for women and for LGBTQI+ couples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Evaluation of the psychiatric diagnosis of children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A sample from a university hospital

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the sociodemographic characteristics and psychiatric diagnoses of children and adolescents who refered to the psychiatry outpatient clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This study enrolled the patients who were presented to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic between September 2019 and March 2020 and between September 2020 and March 2021. The patients were scanned retrospectively with the Nucleus outpatient clinic system. The data were analyzed with SSPS 21.0. Age, gender and psychiatric diagnosis of patients Results: were examined. This study enrolled 1157 patients with 10.8 mean age and 61.5% male participants. 53% (n = 622) of patients was diagnosed before pandemia and 46.2% (n = 535) of patients was diagnosed during pandemia. Before pandemia: patients were diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 40%, Anxiety Disorder (AD) 16.1%, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 5.1%. During pandemia: patients were diagnosed with ADHD 27.3%, AD 19.3%, ASD 5.6%. During the pandemia the number of female patients increased (p = 0.017), mean age of patients decreased (p = 0.035), the diagnosed ADHD rates decreased (p < 0.001) and the diagnosed AD (p = 0.024), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (p=0.001) rates increased. Conclusion: In our study the diagnosis of AD and MDD during pandemia increased and the diagnosis of ADHD decreased. Because of the online education during pandemia, number of ADHD patients decreased and increasing in diagnosis of AD and MDD might caused by phsycial and social limitations. In this period it is important to follow and treat the patients that already have psychiatric disorder like ADHD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Turkish) Amac: Cin'de baslayan ve tum dunyayi etkileyen COVID-19 salgini global bir saglik krizine donusmustur. Bu calismanin amaci, COVID-19 pandemisi sirasinda psikiyatri poliklinigine basvuran cocuk ve ergenlerin sosyodemografik ozelliklerini ve psikiyatrik tanilarini belirlemektir. Yontem: AFSU cocuk psikiyatri poliklinigine Eylul 2019-Mart 2020 ve Eylul 2020-Mart 2021 tarihleri arasinda basvuran hastalar calismaya dahil edilmistir. Hastalar retrospektif olarak Nucleus poliklinik sistemi ile taranmistir. Veriler SSPS 21.0 ile analiz edilmistir. Vakalarin yas, cinsiyet ve psikiyatrik tanilari incelenmistir. Bulgular: Calismaya 1157 hasta dahil edilmistir. Hastalarin yas ortalamasi 10,8 yil ve %61,5'i erkek cinsiyetteydi. Hastalarin %53,8'i (n = 622) pandemi oncesinde, %46,2'si (n = 535) pandemi sonrasinda basvuru yapmistir. Pandemi sonrasi donemde, pandemi oncesi doneme gore basvurular kiz cinsiyet yonunde artmistir (p = 0,017) ve basvuranlarin yas ortalamasi azalmistir (p = 0,035). Pandemi oncesinde basvuranlarin %40,0'i Dikkat Eksikligi ve Hiperaktivite Bozuklugu (DEHB), %16,1'i Anksiyete Bozuklugu (AB), %5,1'i Otizm Spektrum Bozuklugu (OSB) ana tanisi alirken, pandemi sonrasi basvuranlarin %27,3'u DEHB, %19,3'u AB, %5,6'si OSB ana tanisi almistir. Pandemi sonrasinda pandemi oncesine gore DEHB tanisi alma sikligi azalmistir (p < 0,001), AB (p = 0,024) ve Major Depresif Bozukluk (MDB) (p = 0,001) tanilarinda artis gorulmustur. Sonuc: Calismamizda pandemi sonrasi AB ve MDB tanilarinin artis gosterdigi, DEHB tanisinin ise azaldigi gorulmustur. Pandemi sirasinda uzaktan egitim surecine gecilmesi, DEHB belirtileri nedeniyle yapilan basvurulari azaltirken ortaya cikan fiziksel ve sosyal kisitliliklar AB ve MDB tanilarini arttirmis olabilir. Bu donemde DEHB gibi mevcut psikiyatrik bozuklugu olan hastalarin takiplerinin ve tedavilerinin aksatilmamasi uzun donemde gidisat icin onem arz etmektedir. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Negative emotional experiences during school closure by COVID-19 in a sample of students in Chile

Background: In 2019, schools closed face-to-face as a containment measure in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, which implied a change in the traditional processes of education and socialization among adolescents. Objective: identify negative emotional experiences in students from three vulnerable communes of the Metropolitan Region of Chile during this period. Methods: 3,570 students between 10 and 18 years of age from 50 public educational establishments completed an evaluation instrument of socioemotional conditions through an online platform. The average age was 12.65 (D.S = 1.90) and 52.5% identified with the male gender. Data were analyzed through the chi2 test and Latent Class Analysis. Results: the most experienced emotions were loneliness and fear, the least frequent was boredom. Four types of negative emotional experiences were found: (1) the experience of loneliness (7%);(2) the combined experience of worry, fear, and loneliness (35.4%);(3) the generalized experience of negative emotions (9.6%) and (4) the experience low frequency of negative emotions (48.1%). Conclusions: Students present four types of emotional experiences, three of which, could alert them of a possible mental health problem. These data should be considered when planning the short and long-term health response. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Spanish) Antecedentes: En el ano 2019, las escuelas cerraron de forma presencial como medida de contencion ante la pandemia del COVID-19, lo que implico un cambio en los procesos tradicionales de educacion y socializacion entre los adolescentes. Objetivo: Identificar experiencias emocionales negativas en estudiantes de tres comunas vulnerables de Region Metropolitana de Chile durante este periodo. Metodo: 3.570 estudiantes de 10 a 18 anos pertenecientes a 50 establecimientos educacionales publicos completaron un instrumento online de evaluacion de condiciones socioemocionales. El promedio de edad fue de 12,65 (D.E = 1,90) y el 52,5% se identifico con el genero masculino. Se analizaron los datos a traves de la prueba chi2 y Analisis de Clases Latentes. Resultados: Las emociones mas experimentadas fueron la soledad y el miedo. La menos frecuente fue el aburrimiento. Se encontraron cuatro tipos de experiencias emocionales: (1) la experiencia de soledad (7%);(2) la experiencia combinada de preocupacion, miedo y soledad (35,4%);(3) la experiencia generalizada de emociones negativas (9,6%) y (4) la experiencia de baja emocionalidad negativa (48,1%). Conclusiones: Los estudiantes presentan cuatro tipos de experiencias emocionales, tres de las cuales podrian alertar de un posible problema de salud mental. Estos datos deben tenerse en cuenta al planificar la respuesta sanitaria a corto y largo plazo. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Changes in depression levels for U.S. rural communities before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic

The objective of this research is to identify whether there were statistically significant changes in depression severity for rural residents in the United States before the COVID-19 pandemic and after its start in 2020. This study uses paired-sample t tests to differentiate between depression levels, measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, before the pandemic and after its start for a sample of rural residents (n = 324), as well as a subsample of women (n = 224) and Black clients (n = 55). Results indicate that the average Patient Health Questionnaire-9 decreased from 11.86 to 11.77 for the total sample and from 12 to 11.99 for the subsample of women, whereas the subsample of Black residents increased from 10.58 to 11.27 for prepandemic versus postpandemic levels, though the differences are not statistically significant. Given the urban/rural differences in coping with challenges stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States cannot have a one-size-fits-all pandemic response policy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

How children coped in the first months of the pandemic lockdown: Free time, play, family togetherness, and helping out at home

During the first and second months after school lockdown in spring 2020, the author and others conducted surveys in the United States of children aged eight through thirteen and of parents with children the same ages. Contrary to many expectations, they found the children less anxious than they had been prior to the pandemic. The children were getting more sleep, were much more likely to report themselves as happy than sad, were using their free time to discover and engage in new, self-chosen activities, were helping out at home, were enjoying the extra time with their family, and were gaining new respect and appreciation from their parents. The author concludes that these findings, along with findings from other studies early in the pandemic, suggest an increased time for play, an increased opportunity to contribute constructively to family life, and an increased family togetherness improved the mental well-being of many children during at least the first months of the pandemic. He discusses these results in relation to Self-Determination Theory, which posits that psychological well-being depends upon satisfaction of basic needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, all of which may have been satisfied to a greater extent after lockdown than before. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Promoting youth mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced novel stressors into the lives of youth. Identifying factors that protect against the onset of psychopathology in the face of these stressors is critical. We examine a wide range of factors that may protect youth from developing psychopathology during the pandemic. We assessed pandemic-related stressors, internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, and potential protective factors by combining two longitudinal samples of children and adolescents (N = 224, 7-10 and 13-15 years) assessed prior to the pandemic, during the stay-at-home orders, and six months later. We evaluated how family behaviors during the stay-at-home orders were related to changes in psychopathology during the pandemic, identified factors that moderate the association of pandemic-related stressors with psychopathology, and determined whether associations varied by age. Internalizing and externalizing psychopathology increased substantially during the pandemic. Higher exposure to pandemic-related stressors was associated with increases in internalizing and externalizing symptoms early in the pandemic and six months later. Having a structured routine, less passive screen time, lower exposure to news media about the pandemic, and to a lesser extent more time in nature and getting adequate sleep were associated with reduced psychopathology. The association between pandemic-related stressors and psychopathology was reduced for youths with limited passive screen time and was absent for children, but not adolescents, with lower news media consumption related to the pandemic. We provide insight into simple, practical steps families can take to promote resilience against mental health problems in youth during the COVID-19 pandemic and protect against psychopathology following pandemic-related stressors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)